Is the injection of tramadol effective at control of pain after impacted mandibular third molar extractions? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Third molar extraction is among the most common surgical procedures performed by oral-maxillofacial surgeons. Postoperative pain, swelling and trismus are common, especially in wisdom teeth, due to trauma to local tissues and the duration of the surgical procedure, among other factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the 'Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses' in order to answer the focused question: 'Is the local submucosal injection of tramadol effective at the control of postoperative pain in patients submitted to impacted mandibular third molar extractions?'. We analyzed papers published until March 30, 2021 in the MEDLINE|PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases. Gray literature was also consulted. Standard pairwise meta-analyses of direct comparisons were performed using a fixed-effect model; I2 ≥ 50 % or ≥ 75 % indicated moderate or high heterogeneity, respectively. Risk of bias was assessed by Cochrane Collaboration's tool. RESULTS: In total, 172 participants (98 males and 74 females, aged 18 or over) from three randomized placebo-controlled trials were considered for analysis. The submucosal injection of 2 ml of tramadol adjacent to the impacted mandibular third molar was effective in controlling pain up to 6-hours after surgery, in increasing the onset of consumption of rescue analgesic and in reducing the total number of rescue analgesics used. CONCLUSIONS: The submucosal injection of tramadol can be considered a safe and effective procedure for pain control after impacted mandibular third molar extractions.

Complications associated with submental liposuction: a scoping review.

BACKGROUND: Liposuction is one of the most commonly performed cosmetic procedures worldwide. Complications associated with submental liposuction are rare. However, when they occur they are significant and can cause disfiguring consequences. The objective of this study was evaluated complications from submentual liposuction in literature and description of clinical experience of complication after submentual liposuction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: At first, a scoping review was carried out online search with no time restrictions for complications after submental liposuction was performed in the databases Medline / PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. The variables analyzed were: age, sex, type of esthetic procedure, anesthesia, complications, time after Procedure, treatment, follow-up care, and sequelae. Then, a case of a patient with submental hematoma after an aesthetic procedure for submental liposuction was described. RESULTS: Firstly, 539 articles were selected, after application of the inclusion criteria, 4 studies were included. Most cases were female (8:1), with a mean age of 55.77 years. Postoperative complications were found, such as submental depression, submental edema, hypertrophic scar formation, scar contracture, cervical necrotizing fasciitis, Cervico-facial dystonia and transient facial nerve paralysis. The follow-up period for cases ranged from 3 to 12 months. The clinical case presented there was no sequelae. CONCLUSIONS: Submental liposuction requires the surgeon's attention. Anatomical knowledge, correct clinical and surgical management, diagnosis, and immediate approach to adverse situations are points that must be respected in this type of esthetic procedure to avoid more serious complications.

High prevalence of oral potentially malignant disorders and risk factors in a semi-urban brazilian city: a population-based cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMDs) are defined as lesions with a greater likelihood of progressing to cancer. Population-based studies that evaluate the prevalence of OPMDs are scarce in Brazil. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of OPMDs and associated risk factors in a semi-urban Brazilian population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study, whose universe included individuals aged 40 years or older residing in a medium-sized city of northeastern Brazil. Data collection was divided into two steps: interview and oral examination. The outcome variable was the presence of OPMDs. The predictor variables were sociodemographic characteristics and risk habits. The bivariate analysis was performed through chi-square test. The crude prevalence ratios (PR) and its respective 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Poisson regression analysis with robust variance was used to calculate adjusted PRs and 95% CI. RESULTS: Three hundred fourteen individuals were included in the study. When asked about risk habits, 58.9% reported being current smokers or ex-smokers and 62.2% reported being current drinkers or ex-drinkers. The prevalence of OPMDs was 7.6% and was significantly higher among individuals with black skin color (p < 0.001), alcohol users (p = 0.017), and individuals with both tobacco and alcohol habits (p = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, the population in the present study had a high frequency of risk habits associated with PMDs of the oral cavity.

Population biology and color patterns of the blue land crab, Cardisoma guanhumi (Latreille 1828) (Crustacea: Gecarcinidae) in the Northeastern Brazil / Biologia Populacional e padrões de coloração do caranguejo terrestre, Cardisoma guanhumi (Latreille 1828) (Crustacea: Gecarcinidae) no Nordeste do Brasil

The objective of this study was to analyze the population biology and color patterns of Cardisoma guanhumi Latreille, 1828 in a mangrove area in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Crabs were collected monthly between February 2010 and January 2012 and totaled 1,837 individuals. Sex ratios were similar between males and females in the first year and differed in the second. Sex ratios by size class differed statistically in the extremes of the distribution, with an abundance of males in the large size classes. There was no difference (p > 0.05) in carapace width between males and females in the first year, but in the second year, males were larger than females (p = 0.003), showing the importance of considering interannual variation in such studies. Both sexes presented a unimodal distribution. The size of first maturing of the females was 6.00 cm. Asymptotic carapace width for males was 9.4 cm and females for 9.2 cm, using the Wetherall method. There was no defined modal progression, which made the determination of the Von Bertalanffy growth parameter K impossible. Juveniles were found throughout all months of the year, demonstrating that there was no defined period of recruiting, although slightly fewer juveniles were found in the dry season. Four color patterns were observed, the three first patterns were the same for both sexes, while the fourth pattern was observed in females only. The four color patterns identified could be clearly related to the stage of development (size) and sexual maturity of the animal.

O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar a biologia populacional e os padrões de coloração da carapaça de Cardisoma guanhumi Latreille, 1828 em uma área de manguezal em Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. Os caranguejos foram coletados mensalmente entre fevereiro de 2010 e janeiro de 2012 e totalizaram 1837 caranguejos. A proporção sexual foi semelhante para machos e fêmeas (1:1) no primeiro ano e diferiu no segundo ano. A proporção sexual por classe de tamanho diferiu estatisticamente nas classes extremas da distribuição, com abundância de machos nas superiores. Não houve diferença (p ≥ 0,05) entre as larguras de carapaça de machos e fêmeas no primeiro ano, porém no segundo os machos foram maiores que as fêmeas (p = 0,003), revelando à importância de se considerar as variações interanuais nestes estudos. Ambos os sexos apresentaram distribuição unimodal. O tamanho de primeira maturação sexual das fêmeas foi 6,00 cm. A largura de carapaça assintótica para machos foi de 9,4 cm e para as fêmeas de 9,2 cm, usando o método Wetherall. Não houve progressão modal definida, o que impossibilitou a determinação do parâmetro de crescimento k de Von Bertalanffy. Foram encontrados juvenis ao longo de todos os meses do ano, mostrando não haver um período de recrutamento definido, embora a abundância de juvenis tenha sido menor na estação seca. Foram observados quatro padrões de coloração, três para ambos os sexos e um quarto padrão observado apenas para as fêmeas. Os quatro padrões de coloração da carapaça estão claramente relacionados ao estágio de desenvolvimento (tamanho) e à maturidade sexual do animal.